Great Gatsby Scarlet Letter Essay - 690 Words

Jason Bello AP English March 22, 2000 The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald are two novels, which address similar themes with completely opposite resolves. The authors use their main characters, Hester, Dimmesdale, Gatsby, and Daisy, in their respective works to present these themes. The action in both novels revolves around unfaithfulness, its effects on the characters, and the results of committing adultery, which prove to be antipode from one novel to the other. These antitheses can be found by a look at the different roles of adultery in the novels. One major theme found in both novels and addressed in different ways is adultery. Unfaithfulness is ever present in The Great†¦show more content†¦Hester and Dimmesdale sinned by having sex, Hester was married and Dimmesdale was a reverend. This act of impurity was turned to a positive with the birth of Pearl, their personal spiritual growth, and their maturity. On the contrary, the love that Daisy and Gatsby had before their separation was pure. They were in love for all the right reasons, and stayed in touch while Jay entered the army. However, Daisy then fell in love with money and the man who brought it, Tom. When Gatsby returned, he tried to make their love work again, but his efforts were made through deceit, and illegal activities. These attempts to win Daisy through a false persona and money made Daisys love a possession, which could be won or even bought, and subsequently it became impure. These contradictions and paradox continue through the novel into the endings. The differing attitudes towards unfaithfulness in the novels result in differing conclusions for the characters. Although Hester and Dimmesdale do not consummate their relationship, their tribulations are not for naught. Both become better, more understanding, people because of their experiences. There is also the birth of Pearl to validate their affair. Daisy and Gatsby never end up together either. However, neither one is the better as a result of them having eloped. Gatsby dies a horrible death, but this is stillShow MoreRelated Adultery in Great Gatsby Scarlet Letter Essay688 Words   |  3 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald are two novels, which address similar themes with completely opposite resolves. The authors use their main characters, Hester, Dimmesdale, Gatsby, and Daisy, in their respective works to present these themes. The action in both novels revolves around unfaithfulness, its effects on the characters, and the results of committing adultery, which prove to be antipode from one novel to the other. These antithesesRead MoreGender Roles : The Great Gatsby, The Mystery Of Heroism, And The Scarlet Letter1862 Words   |  8 Pagesfulfillment. The concept of gender roles obstructing success is ubiquitous in the many works, including The Great Gatsby, The Mystery of Heroism, The Scarlet Letter, A Raisin In The Sun, and The Death of A Salesman. In The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, gender has a large impact on Myrtle, Gatsby, and Jordan in their pursuit of prosperity. Myrtle, much like the main protagonist of the novel, Gatsby, was aspiring and wanted to have wealth and a lavish lifestyle. Because she was a woman, she would haveRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne.’ Essay1047 Words   |  5 Pagesacceptable. Hester Prynne is such an example. It is through the use of her as an outsider; her actions, opinions, morals and portrayal which show how The Outsider Novel is or isn’t just another name for the novel of social protest. Upon reading The Scarlet Letter, it would be safe to assume that Nathaniel Hawthorne is using the protagonist, Hester Prynne, as a scapegoat through whom he can socially protest. Social protest could be defined as when the author uses a character within the novel as a channelRead MoreHow Does Literature Shape American Culture?968 Words   |  4 Pagestechnically advanced places in the world. The definition of American Literature is any literary work written in, or about The United States. The Great Gatsby, The Scarlet Letter, The Narrative of the Life of Fredric Douglass and various other works of literature are all pieces of American literature that have helped shape American society. The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne takes place in Salem, Massachusetts in the sixteen hundreds. Hester Prynne is accused of committing adultery inRead MoreFrederick Douglass- An American Slave547 Words   |  2 Pagessee a lot of patterns repeated from books to everyday life. We see the reflection of The Scarlet Letter in society today by the way people still view adultery. In The Scarlet Letter, the women were seen as the more impure and dirty half of the two people engaging in adultery. In todays society, women continue to be treated more negatively than men regarding adulterous affairs. We see in The Scarlet Letter that although both Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale committed the same sin of adulteryRead MoreAre Women Destructive Forces?1674 Words   |  7 PagesHawthorne wrote The Scarlet Letter in the early 1800’s about a disgraced woman who emerged from the shadows to alter the precise definition of the disgraceful letter â€Å"A† on her chest. Later, John Steinbeck composed Of Mice and Men in the 1930’s that depicted Curleys spouse as determined but also immensely egotistic, ultimately prompting his wife to turn into a destructive power which end up ruining the dreams of the men working in the farm. In F. Scott Fitzgeralds book The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald utilizedRead MoreHuman Selfless or Selfish in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1302 Words   |  6 Pagesinclined to help those in need, others argue that people instinctively prioritize their own individual security over other people’s welfares. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s literary works, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and The Scarlett Letter, as well as F. Scott Fitzgerald’s renowned novel, The Great Gatsby, all reference the idea that people impulsively pursue perfection, as determined by their community’s values. While different communities establish different standards for perfection, society as whole romanticizesRead MoreChanges in Era and American Culture Reflected in Its Literature1774 Words   |  7 Pages As the eras changed, so did American culture. Literary works including The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald and The Scarlett Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, reveal two main characters who are a lienated by their societies and who are not valued for their true worth as individuals. Both characters in these novels endure an identity crisis, which then leads to them become their own tragic hero/heroine. Both F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Nathaniel Hawthorne, depict characters that reinvent themselvesRead MoreEvolution of the American Short Story1077 Words   |  4 Pagesspooky settings, paranormal actions, and strange medieval castles in their writing (Elements 144). One of the authors during this time would be Nathaniel Hawthorne, who wrote The Scarlet Letter. He was not as recognized for his genius in literature as he is today, but he was more known after he wrote The Scarlet Letter. This story is about how sin and revenge can mentally destroy the human mind, and what comes around goes around. Hawthorne’s usage of metaphor and symbolism make him one of the mostRead MoreI Have Spent My Life Judging The Distance Between American Reality And The American Dream2104 Words   |  9 Pagespressures put on characters that ultimately decided their fates. Whether the characters’ fates were beautiful or ugly was ascertained by societal pressures and dreams in the American literature pieces, The Things They Carried, The Scarlet Letter, Of Mice and Men, and The Great Gatsby. Tim O’Brien, in the novel, The Things They Carried, portrayed how societal pressures put on Mary Anne Bell established the life that she lived. Mary Anne, the girlfriend of Mark Fossie, came to Vietnam to see Mark during the

Design Of A Sustainable Design - 1251 Words

What we know today as sustainable architectural design began in the early 20th century; born and evolved from principles and theories of architects in addition to physical devices all which precursor those in today sustainable architecture. These premature design elements, and theories are visible in works such as Le Corbusier’s early 20th century, Villa Savoye; and Alvar Aalto’s mid-20th century, Villa Mairea. Reviewing and rereading these building’s physical designs and their architects design thinking we begin to unfold how contemporary sustainable design today came to be. Examining William McDonough’s sustainable office complex as a finale to these developments it is visible where the endeavours of the past century have taken†¦show more content†¦Le Corbusier comprehends his ‘roof garden’ as a habitable space â€Å"Is it not against all logic when the upper surface of a whole town remains unused and reserved exclusively for a dialogue between the tiles and the stars?... for the town it means that the built–up space lost is regained†1 instead only implying its possible ecological benefits. Utilising re-enforced concrete technology allowed the villa Savoye to harbour strip windows, also one of Le Corbusier’s five points of new architecture. Embodied in the larger windows which give equal light to all rooms are the principles that more natural daylight allows for a better living experience, a step behind the more energy saving focused morals of today. With the development of Alvar Aalto’s Villa Mairea in the mid- 20th century we can start to see the fundamental ideals and physical devices of sustainable architecture begin to form. Much like Le Corbusier’s Villa Savoye, Aalto’s Villa Mairea incorporates undeveloped environmentally minded devices. However, Aalto who had a significant history with the Finnish forest â€Å"As for the Finnish landscape, it was all around me, all the time. That experience of a working balance also gave me an 1 Le Corbusier, Towards a new

Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis. Answer: Introduction: A good research has to have proper methods of collecting and analyzing data which fully represents the element and scope which is being studied. This study makes an exploration of motivation on employee satisfaction and turnover at Credit Suisse. Methodology, therefore, outlines the many different tools, procedures, and methods which will be used to gather data for the study. What methodology does is that it looks at a given population, size of the sample, techniques used in sampling, research instrument, data collection tools and even tools which will be used in the analysis of data management (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault. 2015, 25). For this research, the qualitative approach was adopted. The reason for picking this approach is that qualitative research has its aim at gathering a very concrete understanding of behavior and the reason governing the observed behavior and generally, qualitative approach investigates the how and why of decision-making, unlike other approaches which just focus on what, when and where. A qualitative approach was chosen for this research because the information obtained is centered on the particular case under study. Because the study makes an exploration of the effects which motivation has on employee satisfaction and turnover present in quantitative researchs context, the research is therefore qualitative. Qualitative research gives emphasis on the values of observed variables in a place they are commonly found which their natural setting is. According to Flick (2015, 16), the methodology adopted in a research has to be aligned to the research questions. The methodologys language is very critical in shaping the research questions to be aligned with the suggested methodology management. Qualitative methodologies aim at understanding many of the lived human experiences, making a description of a culture or social phenomena or coming up with a theory which can be tested later in the research (Flick. 2015, 16). How this methodology relates to the research questions is that being qualitative, the research questions used in this research begin with phrases which include what, how and in what ways. Qualitative research questions also begin with these phrases because the phrases used in the beginning of the questions seek to find or create an open approach to collecting information. The qualitative research questions which are always open-ended provide a way for which comprehensive data is collected. The strengths and weakness of qualitative research are unique because on one hand there is the presence of perspective of data which needs to be collected and on the other, there are techniques of the information collector and his or her own unique observations which can ultimately alter the information in unimaginable ways. The strengths of qualitative research include the fact that the subject materials can be put under evaluation with much bigger detail this is seen where there are so many time restrictions which are placed in methods of research. The main purpose of time restrictions is to develop outcomes which are measurable so as to put metrics in place (Easterby-Smith, Thorpe, Jackson. 2012, 33). Qualitative research has its focus on subtleties of what can be found in the collected information and focuses less on the collected data metrics. Therefore this ensures that the data is enhanced to its highest level which makes it easy to analyze. For qualitative research, research frameworks can be very smooth and based on new or available information because it can adapt to the quality of information that is being collected. If the available data seems not to give any results, the research can seek to gather data with a perspective. This, therefore, creates more opportunities to find out important clues about a given subject instead of being confined to a perspective which is limited. Another strength of qualitative research is that its data has its basis on human observations and experiences and this is seen where unlike other research methods which rely on the minds operating system while disregarding the human mind, qualitative research embraces the instincts of the guts (Panneersevam. 2014, 6). Qualitative research is a process which is open-ended ad this can be seen where the qualitative researchs open-ended structures ensure that rational thoughts and superficial responses are deeply analyzed to collect information from emotional responses of individuals involved in the study. Lastly, qualitative data seek to create insights which are industry-specific because it gives brands and companies access to staff and consumer insights so that they can make changes accurately. The weaknesses of qualitative research include the fact that the quality of data a being gathered is very subjective because what one person sees as very important can also be viewed as very useless by somebody else. This individual perspective can bring about inaccuracy in the data collected. Another weakness is that for qualitative research, data rigidity is very difficult to demonstrate and assess because mostly the perspectives used are individual and the human mind usually remember what it wants and therefore difficulty is brought where researchers seek to make a demonstration of the validity of data. Another weakness is seen whereby the analysis or mining of data which is gathered in qualitative research is hard and therefore time-consuming. This is basically because of the vast details which are often collected when performing qualitative research and therefore sorting through all the data takes a lot of time. Lastly, the researcher influence usually has a negative effect on the observation and skills of a qualitative research this is because if a researcher includes biases in the research, the outcome will be influenced (Palinkas, Horwitz, Green Hoagwood, 2015, 534). Other methods of gathering data will not be applicable in this research because qualitative research ensures that individualistic data is gathered and analyzed on deeper levels. Therefore for the case of employee satisfaction and turnover at Credit Suisse, qualitative research will ensure that new insights will be gained on matters relating to employee satisfaction, employee turnover and lastly the emotional reasoning processes of employees and therefore the company can be able to make changes to favor the employees and make them stay motivated and remain working for Credit Suisse. When the research makes connections of the information gathered, the information can lead to experiences which are personalized and bring value to the companys services and products. Data collection tools and techniques, sampling and sample size Both primary and secondary data will be collected during the study. The techniques which will be used include a review of existing data, interviewing, observations and administration of a written questionnaire (Brinkmann. 2014, 1009). Primary data collection will include data collected from Credit Suisses management level, junior staff and senior staff by the researcher. For secondary data collection, the researcher will collect the data from the internet, newspapers, journals, textbooks, and publications from Credit Suisse. When it comes to the research population, the Credit Suisses entire members in Australia are 59 and will constitute the research population and they are selected because they will give in-depth analysis and coverage of the findings and results and the Australian branch of Credit Suisse is near the researcher. For the sampling size, a sample size of 59 respondents are chosen and the rationale for choosing the sample size of 59 is to assist in giving clear analysis and coverage for findings and results. The sampling technique which will be used for this research is non-probability sampling and most specifically the sampling method which will be adopted is purposive sampling and it will be used to select the interviews respondents. Purposive sampling involves grouping the study areas elements which are essentially groups of characteristics which are identifiable and then later purposive methods will be used to make a selection of the elements and respondents. Because of the spread nature of the study, this is the most suitable method of reaching the respondents, therefore, the process will involve the selection of employees and managers to make a constitution of the sample size and essentially, the sample was selected based on the studys established objectives (Palinkas, Horwitz, Green Hoag wood, 2015, 534). Ethical issues and how to address them. When collecting data, ethical standards must be maintained at the highest level and upheld so that the participants of the research are protected. To ensure the protection of the participants, a research plan must clearly outline the measures which will be taken to ensure security is guaranteed in all aspects. Because this research is qualitative, questionnaires, interviews, and observations are used and while designing questionnaires, an ethical issue to be cautious of is confidentiality of the responses and identity of the respondent (Neuman Robson. 2014, 56). To address this issue, all the gathered data has to be anonymous and the questions should be well written to ensure it does not mislead and to avoid biases. It is also understandable that participants have the right of not completing a given questionnaire or withdrawing from the entire research. Ethical issues for interviews include confidentiality because they are personal and to address this issue, every recording made has to be confidential to protect the research participant. Any other party reading the research findings has to sign a confidentiality agreement while also ensuring that a detailed note on the finding is made to avoid confusion. References Brinkmann, S., 2014. Interview. In Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology (pp. 1008-1010). Springer New York. Easterby-Smith, M., R. Thorpe, P. Jackson., 2012. Management Research. 4th edition, London: SAGE Publications. Flick, U., 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Matthews, B. and Ross, L., 2014. Research methods. Pearson Higher Ed. Neuman, W.L. and Robson, K., 2014. Basics of social research. Pearson Canada. Palinkas, L.A., Horwitz, S.M., Green, C.A., Wisdom, J.P., Duan, N. and Hoagwood, K., 2015. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), pp.533-544. Panneerselvam, R., 2014. Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015. Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons.

Corporate Financial Management Project †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What issues relating to the concept of the time value of money may be important in this decision-making process? Answer: There are various employees of tertiary sector who have proper involvement in offering services. Tertiary sector have three types of services, there is a need to generate their own fund in the form of superannuation funds as if they do not perform any activity under any employer. There are two plans on which basis employees generate their own contribution, these plans are investment choice plan and defined benefit plan. Employees must evaluate various factors before choosing any retirement plan between these two investment choice plan and defined benefit plan. Before making any kind of investment into these plans it is important to acquire clear set of knowledge regarding them and select the appropriate plan accordingly. (Arnold, 2013) Defined benefit plan Defined benefit plan is used to classify the sum of amount that will be receiving by the employee at the starting point of this plan. An amount that is to be received by the employee at the time of retirement is based on the necessity of employee under this plan. Both the parties, employee and employer make contribution of some particular amount and that is according to the salary of an employee, its age and time period of serving or going to be served. (Aslan, 2015)This plan, defined benefit plan is used by the employee to make growth in their earnings. It is to be assumed that final salary plan is an ordinary plan in defined benefit plan that is to be used for retirement to calculate their pension through some essential variables and these are defined as below: Pensionable service In this service, pension is given to an employee based on time duration of employees service. (Bacon, 2010) Pensionable earnings This is considered as the employee pays estimation that will be withdrawn at retirement. Accrual rate It decides that what part of amount an employee is going to be received at the end of year, according to this plan. There is a method to calculate the amount of employees pension in defined benefit plan which is described as follows: (Cox et al., 2013) Time duration of service * Employees pay at the retirement time * Accrual rate Employees of tertiary sector will be received the pension amount that is totally depend upon the time period of service, employees pay and accrual rate. Under this retirement amount, employees are capable to make their own involvement in respect to funds on which basis they can get pension at the time of retirement. Under this plan, employees can only acquire benefit when defined benefit plan is to be executed. This plan is appropriate for the employees of tertiary sector as it involved some benefits regarding taxation. Unfunded defined benefit plan There are two types of defined benefit plan and at the time of executing defined benefit plan employee needs to choose any one between funded defined benefit plan and unfunded defined benefit plan. Under unfunded defined benefit plan employee cannot make any investment or create any asset in the same. And under funded defined benefit plan employee can make investment or create asset through their contribution. When the duration of employee service is completed then employee can generate funds by selling off the invested or asset that is created. Funded defined benefit plan is a major limitation that employee can only get amount at the maturity time but not in advance. Investment choice plan Retirement plan includes this plan i.e. investment choice plan in which employee can open its account with the company in which investment is to be made. Under this plan, employee can make numerous investment or single investment on the whole through the contribution of employee and employer or salary earned in a particular time period. This plan has a benefit that employee can terminate or change its investment into any other option by the affects of some factors. Employees, under this plan are also capable to manage their retirement amount. By choosing this plan employee can make investment according to their choice on which basis they can develop their own portfolio of asset for risk management in which they want to invest. . (Baker and Filbeck, 2013) Employee can use various strategies by means of using this plan. Investment choice plan includes stable funds, trustees fund, secured fund and etc. There are various factors that needs to be taken care of by the employees of tertiary sector for making their involvement in the defined benefit plan or in investment choice plan. Some factors are as under: Rate of Inflation Inflation rate is the rate in which value of money is decreased which increases the living costs. This factor should be considered first at the time of taking decision in respect to making retirement contribution. Inflation rate is considered as the essential element for the long term plans and for the defined benefit plan. Investments in defined benefit plan are made on long term basis and in this condition value of money decreases over period of time. So, as a result for this employees need to increase their retirement contribution. Risk profile In this factor, the level of risk which is taken by the tertiary sectors employee is being considered. The concepts of contribution as well as retirement funds are both different from each other. As compared to the investment choice plan, defined benefit plan seems to be less risky. Defined benefit plan directly connected with the market so it involves less risk and in invest choice plan more risk involves as there are various options for making an investment and some are connected to the equity or market. So, it is important for the employee of tertiary sector to evaluate the risk before making any investment. (Schreiber, 2016). Investment time duration To select contribution plan for retirement, proper time framing of investment that is to be made should be considered first. Employee first needs to decide whether the investment is made for short term basis or for long term. This plan is beneficial for the short duration as well. But on the other side, defined benefit plan is only beneficial for the long duration. So it is to be assumed that investment time duration is an essential tool for making investment. Financial objectives Every individual has its own financial goal. But at the time of deciding investment for the retirement it is important to focus on the financial aspects. It is all related to the employees risk taking capacity as if they want to raise more fund and are willing to take more risk, they would invest in investment choice plan otherwise if they want to get the income of pension at a stable rate then they can select defined benefit plan. (Valentine and Scott, 2011) Time value money and its related issues In this concept, the value of money is decreasing as years passes on in the future. It has an important role in deciding the investment plan for retirement. Regarding the value of money, defined benefit plan and investment choice plan both has separate concept and also uses different term to eliminate the risk. To making appropriate decision regarding the amount of retirement this term can be used. By time value money concept, the exact present amount of contribution for retirement and the amount that is going to be received at the time of retirement is calculated. Random market trends and inflation rate can be factors which provide proper support to the time value money concept in making decision. (Finch, 2010) This method is used to calculate the net value of contribution for the retirement and the amount of pension that will be received in future. The amount that will be received as retirement funds would be accustomed with the rate of inflation. In this method emphasis is made on the issues regarding cash flows (outflow and inflow) of contribution for retirement as well as on the amount that is to be received at the end of superannuation period. (Paramasivan and Subramanian, 2009) Recommendations On the basis of above description it is concluded that there are two investment plans available defined benefit plan and investment choice plan and from which investment choice plan is considered as well customised. For offering highest flexibility regarding executing and designing retirement plan as well as its cash inflow (amount of pension) and outflow (payments), this plan needs to be selected. Investment choice plan is also beneficial for the future in which retirement funds are assured and that cannot be increased. Under investment choice plan, planning regarding future could be enhances on the basis of situation of market. Efficient market hypothesis With the help of efficient market hypothesis, market position of an organization reflects by its commodity price or asset or stock. In another aspect, efficient market hypothesis is considered as the situation in which stock price of an entity or assets or market shares of any organization is identify by collecting the relevant set of information regarding organization (Narayan, Narayan, Popp and Ali, 2015). This hypothesis defines that the prices of stock or assets is at fair value so there is no probability of profit or loss in the stock market. It is identified on the basis of efficient market hypothesis situations and theories that on accordance to the several factors available into the market, price of asset or stock has been decided. Therefore, it is considered as an easy task to choose shares or stocks for investment without implementing any strategies. Earlier, some factors like market trends, past information regarding stocks or shares, market condition, market information h ave not been considered to put the price of stock or assets. On this basis, the stock or assets prices do not make any movement due to changes into the market. (Superannuation: How to deduct superannuation contributions by passive investment trusts, 2013). Pension Fund managers role in managing the portfolio On the basis of above discussion it is analysed that portfolio manager does not face any problem in managing the portfolio in this situation as there are not much changes into the market and it is also assumed that there is not much role of managers in the same. (Darst, 2013) Due to market conditions responsibility of fund manager has been decreased as well as the role of pension fund manager has also been almost vanished. According to the efficient market hypothesis, market trends, past information, etc have not been taken into consideration so there is no need for fund manager. In investment choice plan pension fund manager has a responsibility to update the plan as well as employees portfolio (Baker and Filbeck, 2013). Therefore, it is to be assumed that there is no such situation make existence into the market since into the market there are several factors which need to be taken consideration before involving into the investment for the funds regarding retirement contribution. The situation which is described in the efficient market hypothesis does not exist because forces of market are considered to be very powerful and incorporation of these forces affects the asset or share value. In addition to this, it is concluded on the basis of efficient market hypothesis that all the investors earn same amount of revenue because the price of stocks and assets are at fair value so there is no any possibility of loss and gain and there is no need to manage the portfolio. (Baxamusa, Mohanty and Rao, 2015) At last it is concluded overall that such type of situation, like what efficient market hypothesis described, does not exist into the market and into the investment market so on that basis it is proved that efficient market hypothesis is unproved and vague. (Belloc, 1967) References Aslan, H., 2015. Do Lending Relationships Affect Corporate Financial Policies?.Financial Management, 45(1), pp.141-173. Baxamusa, M., Mohanty, S. and Rao, R., 2015. Information Asymmetry about Investment Risk and Financing Choice.Journal of Business Finance Accounting, 42(7-8), pp.947-964. Cox, S., Lin, Y., Tian, R. and Yu, J., 2013. Managing Capital Market and Longevity Risks in a Defined Benefit Pension Plan.Journal of Risk and Insurance, 80(3), pp.585-620. Arnold, G., 2013.Essentials of corporate financial management. Harlow, England: Pearson. Bacon, F., 2010.Corporate financial management. Acton, MA: Copley Custom Textbooks. Finch, B., 2010.Effective financial management. London: Kogan Page. Paramasivan, C. and Subramanian, T., 2009.Financial management. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers. Cox, S., Lin, Y., Tian, R. and Yu, J., 2013. Managing Capital Market and Longevity Risks in a Defined Benefit Pension Plan.Journal of Risk and Insurance, 80(3), pp.585-620. Valentine, T. and Scott, C., 2011.Modern financial and investment planning. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia. Baker, H. and Filbeck, G., 2013.Portfolio theory and management. New York: Oxford University Press. Belloc, H., 1967.On. Freeport, N.Y.: Books for Libraries Press. Darst, D., 2013.Portfolio investment opportunities in managed futures. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Narayan, Paresh Kumar, Narayan, Seema, Popp, Stephan, Ali Ahmed, Huson. (2015). Is the efficient market hypothesis day-of-the-week dependent? Evidence from the banking sector. Applied Economics, pp 1-20. Schreiber, S. (2016). Defined benefit plan participants can receive lump sum and annuity under new rules. Journal of Accountancy, vol 222, no 6, p 68. Stockton, K. (2017). Survey of defined benefit plan sponsors. Pension Benefits, vol 26, no 1, pp 7-8. Superannuation: How to deduct superannuation contributions by passive investment trusts. (2013). Taxation in Australia, vol 48, n0 5, p